Edit the Yum configfile.

# vim /etc/yum.conf

add the following line to the config:

http_caching=none

Then save the file and run the update command again.

# yum update

The update will work again. 

After the update check if the centos server needs a restart.

# needs-restarting

or 

# needs-restarting -r

When you have a message about the kernel you need to reboot the server. 
After the update and reboot your server uses the new kernel installed.